Brain Infection in Adults: Causes, Symptoms and Recovery
Meningitis and encephalitis are infections that affect the covering and tissue of the brain. Quick diagnosis and the right antibiotics can prevent serious complications.
Infections of the brain include meningitis, where the membranes around the brain become inflamed, and encephalitis, where the brain tissue itself is affected. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and tuberculosis can all be responsible.
Common Symptoms
Fever with a severe headache, stiffness in the neck, vomiting, sensitivity to light and confusion are the classic warning signs. Seizures, a rash that does not fade under pressure, or reduced alertness need emergency care straight away.
How Diagnosis Works
Lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis is the key test and is often the fastest way to identify the organism. Blood cultures, CT or MRI of the brain and viral tests support the diagnosis.
Treatment and Recovery
Empirical antibiotics are started without waiting for laboratory confirmation when the clinical picture strongly suggests meningitis. Tuberculous meningitis needs a longer course of anti tuberculosis medicines along with steroids to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.
- Complete the full antibiotic or anti tuberculosis course even after symptoms improve
- Rest, hydrate and eat small frequent meals while the appetite is low
- Return for follow up if headache, memory or weakness persists